What is Coolant in a Car Engine?

Introduction

Coolant, also known as antifreeze, is a vital fluid in a car engine that prevents it from overheating. It circulates through the engine’s cooling system, absorbing heat from the engine and transferring it to the radiator, where it is dissipated into the atmosphere.

Types of Coolant

There are two main types of coolants:

• Inorganic Additive Technology (IAT): These coolants contain silicates and phosphates, which form a protective layer on the metal surfaces of the cooling system, preventing corrosion.
• Organic Acid Technology (OAT): These coolants contain organic acids, which are less corrosive and more effective at preventing corrosion in aluminum engines.

Components of Coolant

Coolant is typically composed of the following components:

• Water: The main component of coolant, water absorbs heat and carries it away from the engine.
• Ethylene glycol: An organic compound that prevents the coolant from freezing at low temperatures.
• Inhibitors: Chemicals that protect the metal surfaces of the cooling system from corrosion.
• Dyes: Colorants that are added to coolant to make it easier to identify leaks.

Functions of Coolant

The primary function of coolant is to prevent the engine from overheating. In addition, it also performs the following functions:

• Lubricates: Coolant helps to lubricate the water pump and other components of the cooling system.
• Prevents scale and corrosion: The inhibitors in coolant prevent the formation of scale and corrosion in the cooling system.
• Raises boiling point: Ethylene glycol raises the boiling point of water, preventing it from boiling over in the engine.
• Lowers freezing point: Ethylene glycol also lowers the freezing point of water, preventing it from freezing in the engine in cold weather.

Maintaining Coolant

It is important to maintain the coolant in your car engine according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. This includes:

• Checking the coolant level: Regularly check the coolant level in the overflow reservoir and add coolant if necessary.
• Flushing the cooling system: Every 2-3 years, or more frequently if your car is used in severe conditions, the cooling system should be flushed to remove any accumulated debris or corrosion.
• Replacing the coolant: The coolant should be replaced according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, typically every 2-5 years.

Conclusion

Coolant is a vital fluid in a car engine that prevents it from overheating. It performs a variety of functions, including absorbing heat, lubricating components, preventing corrosion, and raising the boiling point of water. By maintaining the coolant in your car engine according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, you can help to ensure that your engine runs smoothly and efficiently for years to come.